The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (2024)

Audrey Hepburn

"There is a shade of red for every woman."

—Audrey Hepburn

Wise words indeed from the 20th century. Sure, you can take them literally; after all, red lipstick comes in a wide range of hues—from the deepest crimsons to the brightest cherries—one bound to flatter any woman's skin tone. But given the complicated history of red lipstick during the early 1900s, the quote takes on a different meaning.

A red lipstick is one of the most integral items in a woman's makeup bag. Today, a scarlet pout is one of the world's most powerful beauty symbols, but where did this iconic beauty product come from?

Red lipstick has a colorful, tumultuous history.

Many historians acknowledge ancient Sumerians (in 3500 BC in southern Mesopotamia) for inventing it by crushing red rocks into a powder to tint lips red. Others credit the ancient Egyptian elites, who mixed crushed insects into a vibrant paste of red waxes for Cleopatra, among others.

It's been a social signifier conveying a multitude of meanings.

Depending on the location and century, this visual statement signaled a flirtatious seduction, declaration of social status, show of wealth, or indication of confidence.

In 1912, when American women marched for equal rights (including the right to vote), suffragettes wore red lipstick to bring attention to their cause. "This was seen as the mark of the independent emancipated woman, which at the time was thought to be quite scandalous," says Gabriela Hernandez, who started her Bésame Cosmetics line with a lipstick from 1920. "This subversive action would have brought censure from men (and some women) who regarded these women as morally lacking."

Suffrage leaders—Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in particular—loved red lipstick for its ability to intimidate men, and protesters adopted the bold color as a sign of defiance. Cosmetics brand founder Elizabeth Arden passed out free tubes of bright red lipstick to women along the Fifth Avenue suffragette march route in New York City. That's when red lipstick became a symbol of women's liberation and rebellion. Women applied red lipstick in public to shock men and declare their independence from the social stratifications that limited them.

Red lip color gained popularity internationally as women's rights movements spread worldwide.

As red lipstick symbolized American suffrage, its sway traveled across the pond and then some. British suffragette leader Emmeline Pankhurst donned a red lip, which helped spread the symbolic action among her fellow activists.

Interestingly, this simple beauty product has been used—and scorned—as a feminist tactic for "terrorizing" men. Adolf Hitler famously hated red lipstick so, in Allied countries, it became a sign of patriotism and a statement against fascism. World War II aside, this undeniably feminine color bestowed women with a mysterious aura of power that came off to some as frightening, morally dubious, and highly intimidating.

Red lipstick as a political statement is still seen in this century. In 2018, Nicaraguan men and women sported red lipstick and uploaded photos of themselves to social media to show their support for the release of anti-government protesters. In Chile in 2019, almost 10,000 women took to the streets with black blindfolds and red lips to denounce sexual violence in the country.

"Women who wear this color say that it emboldens them," says Hernandez. "The color red has carried this connotation for centuries, and it still does to this day. The 'Iron Lady' Margaret Thatcher, who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom, always sported a red lip; and now we see it in [U.S. Representative] Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez."

Wearing red lips still empowers women today.

It's chic, elegant, and flattering, but also bold, defiant, undeniably feminine, and visually powerful. "The women's movement was about women having choices, which included the way they looked and wore cosmetics. I think the choices in makeup available today enable people to express their preferences. There is a sea of choices to aid in discovery and self-expression." says Hernandez. "Red is the color of passion and strength. I think makeup now is really a mirror of what you believe for others to see."

If you're looking for your own tube of empowerment, here are some of our personal favorites.

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Besame Cosmetics Red Lipstick - 1920

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (1)

Company founder Gabriela Hernandez started her brand with this lipstick inspired by the nascent movement. One of the first colors she found to match vintage cosmetics for modern wear, it's been the brand's staple red ever since. With its striking deep hue and blue-toned base, we have to say: They nailed it.

02of 09

Elizabeth Arden Lip Color Lipstick in Statement Red Matte

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (2)

The woman who helped start it all, Elizabeth Arden, was a formidable backer for women's rights. Her red lipstick helped women reach the place they are today, so it only makes sense to be included here. Infused with an anti-aging formula that helps seal in moisture, it leaves your lips feeling soft and gives them a voluminous appearance.

03of 09

Covergirl Outlast UltiMatte One Step Liquid Lip Color in Wine O'Clock

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (3)

The pointed applicator on this liquid lipstick ensures precise application without bleeding or feathering. This matte lip color is formulated like a stain to be transfer-resistant, so there's no need to reapply 10 times a day.

04of 09

REVLON Super Lustrous Glass Shine in Fire & Ice

A recent addition to REVLON's Super Lustrous family, this Super Lustrous Glass Shine is the perfect fusion of gloss and lipstick—an ideal option for drier lips. Its moisturizing formula offers incredibly glassy shine and brilliant color that instantly melts in as you swipe.

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Stila Stay All Day Liquid Lipstick in Beso

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (5)

Stay all day is right—I mean seriously! This waterproof red liquid lipstick lasted through two meals, drinks, and a nap (and I'm a stomach sleeper). You'll also love it if you hate the feeling of makeup on your lips; despite its incredible staying power, it has a featherlight feel.

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YSL Rouge Pur Couture Lipstick in Le Rouge

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (6)

Dressed in probably the most ~luxe~ casing in lipstick history (just look at that gold packaging), the highly pigmented color inside is packed with antioxidants for a dewier finish than most lipsticks.

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KISS New York Professional's Fierce Cream Lipstick in Red Orange

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (7)

This vitamin-E-infused formula is most memorable for its uncommonly creamy texture. Although it's a red, this shade has a slight orangey tint, making it extra bright and flattering to most skin tones.

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Hermès Beauty Rouge Hermes Satin lipstick in Rouge H

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (8)

Rouge Hermès, the first and most emblematic of the Hermès Beauty line, is a classic and mainstay in the lipstick business. This iconic collection has 24 shades with evocative names, but our favorite has to be Rouge H, a deep burgundy with just a hint of brown.

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Patrick Ta Major Beauty Headlines Matte Suede Lipstick in That's Why She's Late

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (9)

Straight from Kim Kardashian's makeup artist, Patrick Ta's makeup collection doesn't disappoint. You can't miss the popping pigments in his lipstick range—or his product names (such as Oh She's Single and She's Not From Here). This creamy formula has ultra-fine spherical particles that leave a matte, blurred finish without feeling dry or tacky.

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick (2024)

FAQs

The Surprising—and Significant—History of Red Lipstick? ›

Many historians acknowledge ancient Sumerians (in 3500 BC in southern Mesopotamia) for inventing it by crushing red rocks into a powder to tint lips red. Others credit the ancient Egyptian elites, who mixed crushed insects into a vibrant paste of red waxes for Cleopatra, among others.

What is the history of red lipstick? ›

Red lipstick dates back farther than most people can even imagine. The first known red lipsticks were made by crushing gemstones and wearing them on the lips in Mesopotamia over 5,000 years ago. Later, lipsticks would be made from red algae and fish scales.

Was red lipstick ever illegal? ›

After she died, red lipstick was made illegal once again.. England, and many American states, both before and after the revolution, condemned wearing lipstick. This was done on the basis that it tricked men into marrying women, and women could even be tried for witchcraft for such an offense.

What is the history of Montezuma red lipstick? ›

In the early 1940s, famous makeup artist, and women's activist, Elizabeth Arden was approached to create a lipstick specifically designed for women in service. In 1941 “Montezuma Red” was created. It was a bright, vibrant red, and perfectly matched to the red piping and chevrons on women's military uniforms.

What is an interesting fact about lipstick? ›

10 Fascinating facts about lipstick
  • Lipstick has been worn for thousands of years. ...
  • The Egyptians, including Cleopatra, wore lipstick that got its colour pigmentation from beetles. ...
  • Queen Elizabeth I popularised lipstick during her reign over England from 1558 to 1603, and wore red lipstick to ward off evil spirits.
Jul 18, 2023

What is the original meaning of red lipstick? ›

Some women would wear bold, red lipstick to draw more attention to their cause. The red shade was feminine, yet bold and daring. It became a symbol of strength at a time when a true woman was defined as a submissive wife and a mother who is only concerned with family and home. It was a decades-long fight.

What are the facts about red lipstick? ›

Egyptian men were also big red lipstick fans.
  • In ancient Greece, it was illegal for Prostitutes not to wear red lipstick! ...
  • Actresses in the early 1900's began wearing red lipstick to darken their lips in order to stand out in black and white film.
Jun 26, 2020

Who made red lipstick famous? ›

Red lip color gained popularity internationally as women's rights movements spread worldwide. As red lipstick symbolized American suffrage, its sway traveled across the pond and then some. British suffragette leader Emmeline Pankhurst donned a red lip, which helped spread the symbolic action among her fellow activists.

In which country red lipstick is banned? ›

Most women in North Korea are only allowed to wear a light lip colour on their lips, but never red.

Who is famous for wearing red lipstick? ›

Marilyn Monroe, 1952: This sex symbol is the picture of seduction with glossy crimson lips. Madonna, 1985: During her "Like a Virgin" phase, Madonna's shockingly red lips added an ironic twist to her naughty Catholic look. Selena, 1994: The Latina beauty amped up her white Grammys ensemble with bold red lips.

What is Cleopatra lipstick? ›

Cleopatra was said to have used a lipstick that was a red color that was obtained by crushing carmine beetles and ants. An interesting fact about ancient Egyptian lipstick—and makeup, in general, was that it was believed to have healing powers.

Why do Latinas wear red lipstick? ›

Red lipstick has long been associated with power, confidence and femininity. When it comes to Latina women, red lipstick holds a special significance as it represents their vibrant culture and bold personalities.

What is the oldest lipstick in the world? ›

Scientists say they have found the world's oldest lipstick in southern Iran Researchers in Italy say a deep red lip-paste discovered there is 5,000 years old. It's made of vegetable oils and waxes, and was likely worn by social elites as a display of superior status.

What is the history and significance of lipstick? ›

Early history

Women in the ancient Indus Valley civilization have used rectangular pieces of ochre with beveled ends as lipstick. The Kama Sutra describes lip coloring made of red lac and beeswax and method it was used. Ancient Egyptians wore lipstick to show social status rather than gender.

How important is lipstick to a woman? ›

Now lipstick is fashionable in all shades and textures and it is widely known through the art of colour theory that lipstick can not only make you look better by neutralising and complimenting your skin or eye tone but also make you feel better.

What is the actual purpose of lipstick? ›

Lipstick draws attention to the lips and makes them stand out. Lips are considered a sensual part of the body, and highlighting them can make women more attractive to the opposite sex. Some women may wear lipstick to feel better about their appearance.

What was red lipstick made for? ›

It was an accessory that symbolized power during the Suffragettes movement, and still does today. Red lipstick is a cosmetic staple for many women, whether it's a go-to personal confidence booster or an easy night out accessory.

Why do feminists wear red lipstick? ›

The Suffragettes used the color red in their clothing and makeup to make a statement and express their desire for equal rights. Red lipstick became an important symbol of female empowerment and strength during this time, as it was seen as a way for women to reclaim their femininity in a male-dominated society.

Why do Mexicans wear red lipstick? ›

As a Latina woman, what do you feel is the cultural significance of wearing red lipstick? BCR:Cultural icons have worn red lips to signify power, femininity and confidence for generations.

What was the original purpose of lipstick? ›

In ancient China, lipstick was originally used for religious ceremony but increasingly became used for its cosmetic purposes as time went on. In prehistoric times in ancient China, lipstick was more akin to a lip balm that was used by both women and men. They were sourced from animal blood, minerals, and plant juices.

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